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The purpose of this research is to determine whether dissatisfaction with salaried work and low potential for work–life balance can explain a person's intention to go into business using the entrepreneurial event model from Shapero and Sokol (1982) and whether these factors are more prevalent for women than men.

A sample of 36,129 salaried workers from 70 countries from the 2013 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Adult Population Survey is assembled to test the entrepreneurial event model's prediction.

In innovation-driven economies, job satisfaction and work–life balance in the current occupation decrease the likelihood of having the intention to start a business for a salaried person. The impact of work–life balance on the intention to start a business in the same for men and women.

In innovation-driven economies, organizations relying on employees with strong entrepreneurial potential to innovate and develop markets should also take into consideration job satisfaction and work–life balance factors to keep them engaged in entrepreneurial activities. A longitudinal analysis of the impact of institutional, economic and cultural factors associated with job satisfaction and work–life balance would be needed to identify the causal impacts.

Findings suggest that displacement factors related to the entrepreneurial event model (Shapero and Sokol, 1982) are relevant to study career transition from salaried work to entrepreneurship, and vice-versa.

Esta investigación investiga si la insatisfacción con el empleo actual aumenta la intención de crear su propio negocio. El propósito es ver si la insatisfacción con el trabajo asalariado y el bajo potencial de equilibrio entre la vida laboral y la personal pueden explicar la intención de una persona de entrar en el negocio más allá de los indicadores generalmente utilizados en investigaciones anteriores, como la autoeficacia o el reconocimiento de oportunidades. Además, descubrir si estos factores son más frecuentes en las mujeres que en los hombres es también uno de los objetivos.

Se reunió una muestra de 36 129 trabajadores asalariados de 70 países de la Encuesta de población adulta del Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 2013 para probar la predicción del modelo de evento empresarial de que la falta de equilibrio entre el trabajo y la vida laboral de un empleado son factores de desplazamiento en una transición de carrera empresarial.

La satisfacción laboral y el equilibrio entre el trabajo y la vida en el trabajo actual disminuyen la probabilidad de que una persona asalariada desarrolle la intención de iniciar un nuevo negocio en los próximos tres años, pero solo para los países impulsados por la innovación. El impacto del equilibrio trabajo-vida en la intención de iniciar un negocio en el mismo para hombres y mujeres.

Se necesitaría un análisis detallado del impacto de los factores institucionales, económicos o culturales en este proceso, por ejemplo, el acceso a guarderías infantiles subvencionadas u oportunidades comerciales en el mercado. Sin embargo, en los países más desarrollados, las organizaciones que dependen de empleados con un fuerte potencial empresarial para innovar y desarrollar mercados deben tener en cuenta su satisfacción laboral y el equilibrio entre la vida laboral y familiar, para mantenerlos comprometidos y no verlos irse para comenzar su negocio propio.

Los hallazgos sugieren que los factores de desplazamiento relacionados con el modelo de evento empresarial (Shapero y Sokol, 1982) son relevantes para estudiar la transición de la carrera del trabajo asalariado al espíritu empresarial, y viceversa.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the adaptation strategies of inhabitants and the forms of participation they adopt in tourism activities in Paris. As public policies have recently recognized the importance of taking into account inhabitants in the tourism development strategy in Paris and its suburbs, this paper proposes an analysis of the different forms of this participation and its stakes for the territories.

This paper gathers the first results of a thesis work in anthropology that is based on an ethnographic method combining participant observation, semi-directive interviews and bibliographic work. Observations took place in Paris and in several cities of the Grand Paris with inhabitants involved in tourism activities, or who are experiencing a difficult cohabitation with tourists in their neighborhoods. Thus, some 40 semi-directive interviews were conducted with inhabitants, members of associations and entrepreneurs. There were also participatory observation works within public institutions, mainly at the Paris City Hall, as well as interviews with dozens of tourism professionals from the private, public and associative sectors.

Not all residents have the same commitment to tourism and they do not all want to meet visitors. The relationship of inhabitants to tourism is complex and heterogenous. Nevertheless, this research shows that the roles played by inhabitants are multiple: producers of tourist services, ambassadors for their city or neighborhood, the permanent resident can also be seen as a product that attracts visitors, and as a tourist himself. The permanent resident offers the possibility of going off the beaten track, and promotes the revalorization of the identity of a territory and its inhabitants.

The originality of this research lies in the choice to focus primarily on the point of view of the visited population in a European capital. Ethnographic work allows for the observation and analysis of practices, in order to understand the stakes of visitor/visitor cohabitation and to anticipate possible movements of anti-tourist rejections.